Graded
The US health department published a draft policy under which it would not act against pharmacies that make BPC-157 on a prescription for a named patient, until the FDA decides by rule. It is still not an approved medicine.
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PT-141

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Scientific papers

StudiesKind of studyYear
Female Sexual Desire, Arousal, and Orgasmic Dysfunctions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Treatment Options.J Minim Invasive GynecolPooled analysis2026
Re-Analyzing Phase III Bremelanotide Trials for "Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder" in Women.J Sex ResPooled analysis2021
Female Sexual Dysfunction and the Placebo Effect: A Meta-analysis.Obstet GynecolPooled analysis2018
Prespecified and Integrated Subgroup Analyses from the RECONNECT Phase 3 Studies of Bremelanotide.J Womens Health (Larchmt)Random groups2022
Safety Profile of Bremelanotide Across the Clinical Development Program.J Womens Health (Larchmt)Random groups2022
The Patient Experience of Premenopausal Women Treated with Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: RECONNECT Exit Study Results.J Womens Health (Larchmt)Random groups2021
Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Two Randomized Phase 3 Trials.Obstet GynecolRandom groups2019
Responder Analyses from a Phase 2b Dose-Ranging Study of Bremelanotide.J Sex MedRandom groups2019
Usefulness of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to assess the melanocortin receptor agonist bremelanotide.J HypertensRandom groups2017
Phase I Randomized Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Study of the Safety and Tolerability of Bremelanotide Coadministered With Ethanol in Healthy Male and Female Participants.Clin TherRandom groups2017
Bremelanotide for female sexual dysfunctions in premenopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled dose-finding trial.Womens Health (Lond)Random groups2016
RETRACTED: Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of bremelanotide, a melanocortin receptor agonist, in female subjects with arousal disorder: a double-blind placebo-controlled, fixed dose, randomized study.J Sex MedRetractedRandom groups2008
Salvage of sildenafil failures with bremelanotide: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study.J UrolRandom groups2008
An effect on the subjective sexual response in premenopausal women with sexual arousal disorder by bremelanotide (PT-141), a melanocortin receptor agonist.J Sex MedRandom groups2006
Co-administration of low doses of intranasal PT-141, a melanocortin receptor agonist, and sildenafil to men with erectile dysfunction results in an enhanced erectile response.UrologyRandom groups2005
Evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of subcutaneously administered PT-141, a melanocortin receptor agonist, in healthy male subjects and in patients with an inadequate response to Viagra.Int J Impot ResRandom groups2004
Double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetic properties and pharmacodynamic effects of intranasal PT-141, a melanocortin receptor agonist, in healthy males and patients with mild-to-moderate erectile dysfunction.Int J Impot ResRandom groups2004
Gateways to clinical trials.Methods Find Exp Clin PharmacolNo random groups2004
PT-141: a melanocortin agonist for the treatment of sexual dysfunction.Ann N Y Acad SciNo random groups2003
Gap in Sexual Dysfunction Management Between Male and Female Patients Seen in Primary Care: An Observational Study.J Gen Intern MedGroup followed over time2025
First-time orgasm in a young man with lifelong anorgasmia after flibanserin use: a case report.Sex MedCase reports2023
Melanotan II injection resulting in systemic toxicity and rhabdomyolysis.Clin Toxicol (Phila)Case reports2012
Peptides in urology and sexual medicine: clinical effectiveness, dosing, indications, and safety: a narrative review.Sex Med RevReview of studies2026
Strategies for Treating Sexual Health Concerns After Breast and Gynecologic Cancer.J Minim Invasive GynecolReview of studies2026
Clinical trial evidence on emerging pharmacological therapies for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women: a systematic review and analysis of completed studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov.Front Med (Lausanne)Review of studies2026
FDA-Approved Drugs Containing D-Amino Acids: A Historical and Developmental Perspective.Drug Dev ResReview of studies2026
Therapeutic Peptides in Aesthetic, Metabolic and Endocrine Conditions: Effects, Safety, Clinical Applications, and Future Perspectives.Int J Mol SciReview of studies2026
Therapeutic peptides in gerontology: mechanisms and applications for healthy aging.Front AgingReview of studies2026
Quantification of "Mercy Sex" in Heterosexual Women.J Sex Marital TherReview of studies2026
Practical considerations and emerging approaches for the management of vasomotor and sexual symptoms in breast cancer patients on endocrine therapies.Expert Rev Clin PharmacolReview of studies2025
Polymorphism of Melanocortin Receptor Genes-Association with Inflammatory Traits and Diseases.DiseasesReview of studies2025
2024 SOGC, 2024 NCCN, 2022 ESO-ESMO, and 2018 ASCO: a comparison of female cancer survivorship guidelines for the management of sexual health concerns.Support Care CancerReview of studies2025
Intravenous peptides and amino acids for erectile dysfunction: a narrative review of current applications and future directions.Expert Opin PharmacotherReview of studies2025
Novel Pharmacologic Treatments of Female Sexual Dysfunction.Clin Obstet GynecolReview of studies2025
Pharmacotherapy of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in Premenopausal Women.Ann PharmacotherReview of studies2025
Understanding the Interplay Between Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) and Female Sexual Dysfunction (FSD).CureusReview of studies2024
Small Effects, Questionable Outcomes: Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.J Sex ResReview of studies2024
A Comprehensive Review of Novel FDA-Approved Psychiatric Medications (2018-2022).CureusReview of studies2024
What Women Want? The State of the Art regarding the Treatment of Young Women with Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.PharmacologyReview of studies2024
Understanding Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) in Women: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.CureusReview of studies2023
Targeting the central melanocortin system for the treatment of metabolic disorders.Nat Rev EndocrinolReview of studies2023
An evaluation of bremelanotide injection for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder.Expert Opin PharmacotherReview of studies2023
Pharmacologic therapeutic options for sexual dysfunction.Curr Opin Obstet GynecolReview of studies2022
Ligands for Melanocortin Receptors: Beyond Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones and Adrenocorticotropin.BiomoleculesReview of studies2022
Female sexual dysfunctions: an overview on the available therapeutic interventions.Minerva Obstet GynecolReview of studies2022
The neurobiology of bremelanotide for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women.CNS SpectrReview of studies2022
Management of Hypertension with Female Sexual Dysfunction.Medicina (Kaunas)Review of studies2022
Medical Treatment of Female Sexual Dysfunction.Urol Clin North AmReview of studies2022
Pharmacotherapy for Sexual Dysfunction in Women.Curr Psychiatry RepReview of studies2022
Bremelanotide for Treatment of Female Hypoactive Sexual Desire.Neurol IntReview of studies2022
Bremelanotide and flibanserin for low sexual desire in women: the fallacy of regulatory precedent.Drug Ther BullReview of studies2021
Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in Women: Physiology, Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment.J Midwifery Womens HealthReview of studies2021
Management of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in transgender women: a guide for clinicians.Int J Impot ResReview of studies2020
Bremelanotide: New Drug Approved for Treating Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.Ann PharmacotherReview of studies2020
2019 FDA TIDES (Peptides and Oligonucleotides) Harvest.Pharmaceuticals (Basel)Review of studies2020
Bremelanotide: First Approval.DrugsReview of studies2019
Bremelanotide (Vyleesi) for hypoactive sexual desire disorder.Med Lett Drugs TherReview of studies2019
Expert opinion on existing and developing drugs to treat female sexual dysfunction.Expert Opin Emerg DrugsReview of studies2018
Effect Size in Efficacy Trials of Women With Decreased Sexual Desire.Sex Med RevReview of studies2018
Evaluation and Management of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.Sex MedReview of studies2018
Understanding the Role of Serotonin in Female Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder and Treatment Options.J Sex MedReview of studies2017
Recent Developments in Psychopharmaceutical Approaches to Treating Female Sexual Interest and Arousal Disorder.Curr Sex Health RepReview of studies2017
Flibanserin for hypoactive sexual desire disorder: place in therapy.Ther Adv Chronic DisReview of studies2017
The Female Sexual Response: Current Models, Neurobiological Underpinnings and Agents Currently Approved or Under Investigation for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.CNS DrugsReview of studies2015
Drugs in early clinical development for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction.Expert Opin Investig DrugsReview of studies2015
Melanocortin receptor agonists in the treatment of male and female sexual dysfunctions: results from basic research and clinical studies.Expert Opin Investig DrugsReview of studies2014
Central nervous system agents and erectile dysfunction.Urol Clin North AmReview of studies2011
Clinical applications of centrally acting agents in male sexual dysfunction.Int J Impot ResReview of studies2008
Preclinical effects of melanocortins in male sexual dysfunction.Int J Impot ResReview of studies2008
Central nervous system-acting agents and the treatment of erectile and sexual dysfunction.Curr Urol RepReview of studies2007
Clinical application of CNS-acting agents in FSD.J Sex MedReview of studies2007
Melanocortins in the treatment of male and female sexual dysfunction.Curr Top Med ChemReview of studies2007
Melanocortin peptide therapeutics: historical milestones, clinical studies and commercialization.PeptidesReview of studies2006
PT-141 Palatin.Curr Opin Investig DrugsReview of studies2004
A biodegradable suction patch for sustainable transbuccal peptide delivery.J Control ReleaseIn animals2025
Female Syrian hamster analyses of bremelanotide, a US FDA approved drug for the treatment of female hypoactive sexual desire disorder.NeuropharmacologyIn animals2025
Ultra-sensitive quantification of the therapeutic cyclic peptide bremelanotide utilizing UHPLC-MS/MS for evaluation of its oral plasma pharmacokinetics.J Pharm Biomed AnalIn animals2020
Pharmacological profiling of neuropeptides on rabbit vaginal wall and vaginal artery smooth muscle in vitro.Br J PharmacolIn animals2008
Bremelanotide: an overview of preclinical CNS effects on female sexual function.J Sex MedIn animals2007
Selective facilitation of sexual solicitation in the female rat by a melanocortin receptor agonist.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S AIn animals2004
Salmonellae in gulls and other free-living birds in the Czech Republic.Cent Eur J Public HealthIn animals1995
Comprehensive characterization of bremelanotide acetate and its degradants by LC-HRMS/MS and predicting epimerization through computational modelling.Anal MethodsOther paper2026
Goldilocks-Inspired Design of Mid-Size Macrocycles for Selective Targeting of Human Melanocortin Receptors.J Med ChemOther paper2026
Should Bremelanotide Be Considered for the Treatment of Sexual Arousal and Desire Disorders in Men?J Clin PsychopharmacolOther paper2026
FDA-approved drugs as potential covalent inhibitors of key SARS-CoV-2 proteins: an in silico approach.Turk J BiolOther paper2025
Melanocortin Receptor Agonist Bremelanotide Induces Cell Death and Growth Inhibition in Glioblastoma Cells via Suppression of Survivin Expression.Anticancer ResOther paper2024
Expression of Concern: Salvage of Sildenafil Failures With Bremelanotide: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Study.J UrolOther paper2023
Pharmacotherapy for female sexual dysfunctions (FSDs): what is on the market and where is this field heading?Expert Opin PharmacotherOther paper2023
Effect of bremelanotide on body weight of obese women: Data from two phase 1 randomized controlled trials.Diabetes Obes MetabOther paper2022
Structural insights into ligand recognition and activation of the melanocortin-4 receptor.Cell ResOther paper2021
Failure of a Meta-analysis: A Commentary on Glen Spielmans's "Re-Analyzing Phase III Bremelanotide Trials for 'Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in Women'".J Sex ResOther paper2021
Psychometric validation of the Female Sexual Distress Scale-Desire/Arousal/Orgasm.J Patient Rep OutcomesOther paper2021
Reliability and validity of the elements of desire questionnaire in premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder.J Patient Rep OutcomesOther paper2020
Female Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A Practical Guide to Causes, Clinical Diagnosis, and Treatment.J Womens Health (Larchmt)Other paper2020
Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.Obstet GynecolOther paper2019
What are the challenges in prescribing pharmacotherapy for female sexual dysfunctions?Expert Opin PharmacotherOther paper2019
Gateways to clinical trials.Methods Find Exp Clin PharmacolOther paper2008
Gateways to clinical trials.Methods Find Exp Clin PharmacolOther paper2008
Gateways to clinical trials.Methods Find Exp Clin PharmacolOther paper2007
Melanocortin receptors, melanotropic peptides and penile erection.Curr Top Med ChemOther paper2007
Gateways to clinical trials.Methods Find Exp Clin PharmacolOther paper2006
Bremelanotide: the female Viagra?Expert Rev Endocrinol MetabOther paper2006
Gateways to clinical trials.Methods Find Exp Clin PharmacolOther paper2005
Gateways to clinical trials.Methods Find Exp Clin PharmacolOther paper2005
Gateways to clinical trials.Methods Find Exp Clin PharmacolOther paper2005
Gateways to clinical trials.Methods Find Exp Clin PharmacolOther paper2004
Gateways to clinical trials.Methods Find Exp Clin PharmacolOther paper2004
[Therapy of erectile dysfunction in 2005].Urologe AOther paper2003

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Registered studies in people (10)

StudiesStageStatusPeople taking partUpdated
Single Dose of Vyleesi in Lactating Female Subjects to Measure the Concentration of Bremelanotide in Breast MilkStage 4Finished102026-01-13
A Phase 2 Study Evaluating the Co-Administration of Bremelanotide With Tirzepatide for the Treatment of ObesityStage 2Running, no new people1082025-03-06
A Phase 3, Bridging, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneously Administered Bremelanotide in Premenopausal Women With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (With or Without Decreased Arousal)Stage 3Finished1932024-11-13
A Phase IIb, Multicenter, Open-Label, Prospective Study of Bremelanotide in Diabetic Kidney DiseaseStage 2Finished162024-10-17
Role of the Melanocortin-4 Receptor in Hypoactive Sexual Desire DisorderStage 4Finished402024-08-09
Study to Evaluate Rate of Nausea in Healthy Premenopausal Female Subjects Treated With Single Dose of Bremelanotide Alone or With ZofranStage 1Finished2282022-04-04
1. Study to Evaluate the Efficacy/Safety of Bremelanotide in Premenopausal Women With Hypoactive Sexual Desire DisorderStage 3Finished7232021-04-09
2. Study to Evaluate the Efficacy/Safety of Bremelanotide in Premenopausal Women With Hypoactive Sexual Desire DisorderStage 3Finished7142021-01-28
Bremelanotide in Premenopausal Women With Female Sexual Arousal Disorder and/or Hypoactive Sexual Desire DisorderStage 2Finished6122014-12-18
Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Bremelanotide in Women With Female Sexual Arousal Disorder (FSAD)Stage 2Finished–2011-02-23